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Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd

Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd, PhD

Languages spoken: English
  • Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, PhD, Professor and Vice Chair of Research, completed her doctorate in Psychology from Harvard University and subsequently trained at McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School. She serves as Director of the Salt Lake City Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for the VISN 19 VA Health Care System and Director of the Salt Lake City VA Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment. Her training in neuroscience and psychopathology has led to the application of multimodal imaging approaches aimed at identifying neurobiological bases of major psychiatric disorders. She has received funding for her research from NIMH, NIDA, CDC, CIA, and the Department of Veterans Affairs. Her recent work has focused on understanding the neurobiologic basis of impulsivity, mood regulation and decision-making as risk factors for behavioral disorders. She served as an author on more than 250 publications and is a standing member on both NIH and VA grant review committees.

    Specialties

  • Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, PhD, Professor and Vice Chair of Research, completed her doctorate in Psychology from Harvard University and subsequently trained at McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School. She serves as Director of the Salt Lake City Mental Illness Research and Clinical Center (MIRECC) for the VISN 19 VA Health Care System and Director of the Salt Lake City VA Advanced Fellowship Program in Mental Illness Research and Treatment. Her training in neuroscience and psychopathology has led to the application of multimodal imaging approaches aimed at identifying neurobiological bases of major psychiatric disorders. She has received funding for her research from NIMH, NIDA, CDC, CIA, and the Department of Veterans Affairs. Her recent work has focused on understanding the neurobiologic basis of impulsivity, mood regulation and decision-making as risk factors for behavioral disorders. She served as an author on more than 250 publications and is a standing member on both NIH and VA grant review committees.

    Board Certification and Academic Information

    Academic Departments Psychiatry -Primary
    Academic Divisions Adult Psychiatry

    Education history

    Postdoctoral Fellowship Boston Neurobehavioral Institute Postdoctoral Fellow
    Neuro/Psych - Harvard University Ph.D.
    Graduate Training Psychology - Harvard University M.A.
    Psychology - Boston College M.A.
    Undergraduate Biology - Mount Holyoke College B.A.

    Selected Publications

    Journal Article

    1. Adise S, Boutelle KN, Rezvan PH, Kan E, Rhee KE, Goran MI, Sowell ER (2023). Sex-specific impulsivity, but not other facets of executive function, predicts fat and sugar intake two-years later amongst adolescents with a healthy weight: Findings from the ABCD study. Appetite, 192, 107081.
    2. Ma J, McGlade EC, Huber RS, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2023). Overweight/Obesity-related microstructural alterations of the fimbria-fornix in the ABCD study: The role of aerobic physical activity. PLoS One, 18(7), e0287682.
    3. Sheth C, Huber RS, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, McGlade EC (2022). Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavior and Sleep Among 9- and 10-Year Old Children: Initial Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. J Early Adolesc, 43(6), 720-745.
    4. Huber RS, Boxer D, Smith CJ, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Kondo DG (2023). Detailed assessment of suicidal ideation in youth with bipolar disorder versus major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disord, 25(3), 200-208.
    5. McGlade EC, Han DH, Kim SM, Shi X, Cline K, Yurgelun-Todd D, Renshaw PF (2022). Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in individuals with internet gaming. Front Psychiatry, 13, 1031947.
    6. Ehrlich TJ, Bhat J, Horwege AM, Mathalon DH, Glover GH, Roach BJ, Badran BW, Forman SD, George MS, Scott JC, Thase ME, Yesavage JA, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Rosen AC (2021). Ruminative reflection is associated with anticorrelations between the orbitofrontal cortex and the default mode network in depression: implications for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Imaging Behav, 16(3), 1186-1195.
    7. Yancey JR, Bowyer CB, Roberts KE, Jones D, Joyner KJ, Foell J, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Boot WR, Patrick CJ (2022). Boldness moderates cognitive performance under acute threat: Evidence from a task-switching paradigm involving cueing for shock. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform, 48(6), 549-562.
    8. Joo Y, Lee S, Hwang J, Kim J, Cheon YH, Lee H, Kim S, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF, Yoon S, Lyoo IK (2022). Differential alterations in brain structural network organization during addiction between adolescents and adults. Psychol Med, 1-12.
    9. Huber RS, Sheth C, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA, McGlade EC (2020). Suicide Ideation and Neurocognition Among 9- and 10-Year Old Children in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Arch Suicide Res, 26(2), 641-655.
    10. Ma J, Lyoo IK, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2022). Effect of cannabinoids on brain metabolites: A review of animal and human studies. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol.
    11. Katz IR, Rogers MP, Lew R, Thwin SS, Doros G, Ahearn E, Ostacher MJ, DeLisi LE, Smith EG, Ringer RJ, Ferguson R, Hoffman B, Kaufman JS, Paik JM, Conrad CH, Holmberg EF, Boney TY, Huang GD, Liang MH, Li plus Investigators (2022). Lithium Treatment in the Prevention of Repeat Suicide-Related Outcomes in Veterans With Major Depression or Bipolar Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 79(1), 24-32.
    12. McGlade E, Rogowska J, Yurgelun-Todd D (2020). The value of research on sexual dimorphism in neuroimaging. Cogn Neurosci, 12(3-4), 180-181.
    13. Herting MM, Uban KA, Gonzalez MR, Baker FC, Kan EC, Thompson WK, Granger DA, Albaugh MD, Anokhin AP, Bagot KS, Banich MT, Barch DM, Baskin-Sommers A, Breslin FJ, Casey BJ, Chaarani B, Chang L, Clark DB, Cloak CC, Constable RT, Cottler LB, Dagher RK, Dapretto M, Dick AS, Dosenbach N, Dowling GJ, Dumas JA, Edwards S, Ernst T, Fair DA, Feldstein-Ewing SW, Freedman EG, Fuemmeler BF, Garavan H, Gee DG, Giedd JN, Glaser PEA, Goldstone A, Gray KM, Hawes SW, Heath AC, Heitzeg MM, Hewitt JK, Heyser CJ, Hoffman EA, Huber RS, Huestis MA, Hyde LW, Infante MA, Ivanova MY, Jacobus J, Jernigan TL, Karcher NR, Laird AR, LeBlanc KH, Lisdahl K, Luciana M, Luna B, Maes HH, Marshall AT, Mason MJ, McGlade EC, Morris AS, Nagel BJ, Neigh GN, Palmer CE, Paulus MP, Potter AS, Puttler LI, Rajapakse N, Rapuano K, Reeves G, Renshaw PF, Schirda C, Sher KJ, Sheth C, Shilling PD, Squeglia LM, Sutherland MT, Tapert SF, Tomko RL, Yurgelun-Todd D, Wade NE, Weiss SRB, Zucker RA, Sowell ER (2021). Correspondence Between Perceived Pubertal Development and Hormone Levels in 9-10 Year-Olds From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 11, 549928.
    14. Huber RS, McGlade EC, Legarreta M, Subramaniam P, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2020). Cingulate white matter volume and associated cognitive and behavioral impulsivity in Veterans with a history of suicide behavior. J Affect Disord, 281, 117-124.
    15. Legarreta MD, Sheth C, Prescot AP, Renshaw PF, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2020). An exploratory proton MRS examination of gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and glutamine and their relationship to affective aspects of chronic pain. Neurosci Res, 163, 10-17.
    16. Valera EM, Joseph AC, Snedaker K, Breiding MJ, Robertson CL, Colantonio A, Levin H, Pugh MJ, Yurgelun-Todd D, Mannix R, Bazarian JJ, Turtzo LC, Turkstra LS, Begg L, Cummings DM, Bellgowan PSF (2020). Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury in Females: A State-of-the-Art Summary and Future Directions. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 36(1), E1-E17.
    17. Yurgelun-Todd DA, Renshaw PF, Goldsmith P, Uz T, Macek TA (2019). A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study to evaluate the effects of TAK-063 on ketamine-induced changes in fMRI BOLD signal in healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl), 237(2), 317-328.
    18. Hwang J, DeLisi LE, ngr D, Riley C, Zuo C, Shi X, Sung YH, Kondo D, Kim TS, Villafuerte R, Smedberg D, Yurgelun-Todd D, Renshaw PF (2019). Cerebral bioenergetic differences measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy between bipolar disorder and healthy subjects living in two different regions suggesting possible effects of altitude. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 73(9), 581-589.
    19. Sabic H, Kious B, Boxer D, Fitzgerald C, Riley C, Scholl L, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D, Renshaw PF, Kondo DG (2019). Effect of Altitude on Veteran Suicide Rates. High Alt Med Biol, 20(2), 171-177.
    20. Sheth C, Prescot AP, Legarreta M, Renshaw PF, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2019). Reduced gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) and glutamine in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of veterans exposed to trauma. J Affect Disord, 248, 166-174.
    21. Mackey S, Allgaier N, Chaarani B, Spechler P, Orr C, Bunn J, Allen NB, Alia-Klein N, Batalla A, Blaine S, Brooks S, Caparelli E, Chye YY, Cousijn J, Dagher A, Desrivieres S, Feldstein-Ewing S, Foxe JJ, Goldstein RZ, Goudriaan AE, Heitzeg MM, Hester R, Hutchison K, Korucuoglu O, Li CR, London E, Lorenzetti V, Luijten M, Martin-Santos R, May A, Momenan R, Morales A, Paulus MP, Pearlson G, Rousseau ME, Salmeron BJ, Schluter R, Schmaal L, Schumann G, Sjoerds Z, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Sinha R, Solowij N, Tapert S, Uhlmann A, Veltman D, van Holst R, Whittle S, Wright MJ, Ycel M, Zhang S, Yurgelun-Todd D, Hibar DP, Jahanshad N, Evans A, Thompson PM, Glahn DC, Conrod P, Garavan H, ENIGMA Addiction Working Group (2018). Mega-Analysis of Gray Matter Volume in Substance Dependence: General and Substance-Specific Regional Effects. Am J Psychiatry, 176(2), 119-128.
    22. McGlade E, Agoston AM, DiMuzio J, Kizaki M, Nakazaki E, Kamiya T, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). The Effect of Citicoline Supplementation on Motor Speed and Attention in Adolescent Males. J Atten Disord, 23(2), 121-134.
    23. Subramaniam P, Rogowska J, DiMuzio J, Lopez-Larson M, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2018). Orbitofrontal connectivity is associated with depression and anxiety in marijuana-using adolescents. J Affect Disord, 239, 234-241.
    24. Sheth C, Prescot A, Bueler E, DiMuzio J, Legarreta M, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd D, McGlade E (2018). Alterations in anterior cingulate cortex myoinositol and aggression in veterans with suicidal behavior: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging, 276, 24-32.
    25. Hwang J, Legarreta M, Bueler CE, DiMuzio J, McGlade E, Lyoo IK, Yurgelun-Todd D (2018). Increased efficiency of brain connectivity networks in veterans with suicide attempts. Neuroimage Clin, 20, 318-326.
    26. Cho HB, Bueler CE, DiMuzio J, Hicks-Little C, McGlade E, Lyoo IK, Yurgelun-Todd D (2018). Negative Mood States Correlate with Laterobasal Amygdala in Collegiate Football Players. Biomed Res Int, 2018, 8142631.
    27. Huber RS, Kondo DG, Shi XF, Prescot AP, Clark E, Renshaw PF, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2017). Relationship of executive functioning deficits to N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in youth with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord, 225, 71-78.
    28. Prescot A, Sheth C, Legarreta M, Renshaw PF, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2018). Altered Cortical GABA in Female Veterans with Suicidal Behavior: Sex Differences and Clinical Correlates. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks), 2.
    29. Hellem T, Scholl L, Sung YH, Ferguson H, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D, Renshaw P, Hildreth L (2017). Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in Methamphetamine Dependence. J Dual Diagn, 13(4), 305-311.
    30. Sheth C, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2017). Chronic Stress in Adolescents and its Neurobiological and Psychopathological Consequences: A RDoC Perspective. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks), 1, 1-22.
    31. Sheth C, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2017). Chronic Stress in Adolescents and Its Neurobiological and Psychopathological Consequences: An RDoC Perspective. Chronic Stress (Thousand Oaks), 1.
    32. Bermudez J, Krizaj D, Lipschitz DL, Bueler CE, Rogowska J, Yurgelun-Todd D, Nakamura Y (2016). Externally-induced meditative states: an exploratory fMRI study of architects' responses to contemplative architecture. 6(2), 123-136.
    33. Legarreta M, Bueler CE, DiMuzio D, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Pain Catastrophizing, Perceived Pain Disability, and Pain Descriptors: Their Association with Neuropsychological Performance. Prof Psychol Res Pr, 46(7), 418-426.
    34. Epstein DJ, Legarreta M, Bueler E, King J, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Orbitofrontal cortical thinning and aggression in mild traumatic brain injury patients. Brain Behav, 6(12), e00581.
    35. Epstein DJ, Legarreta M, Bueler E, King J, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Orbitofrontal cortical thinning and aggression in mild traumatic brain injury patients. Brain Behav, 6(12), e00581.
    36. McGlade E, Bakian A, Coon H, Yurgelun-Todd D, Callor WB, Byrd J, Gray D (2016). Male suspected suicide decedents in Utah: A comparison of Veterans and nonveterans. Compr Psychiatry, 69, 1-10.
    37. Subramaniam P, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Comorbid Cannabis and Tobacco Use in Adolescents and Adults. Curr Addict Rep, 3(2), 182-188.
    38. Subramaniam P, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Comorbid Cannabis and Tobacco Use in Adolescents and Adults. Curr Addict Rep, 3(2), 182–188.
    39. DiMuzio J, Bueler C, Hicks-Little C, Fuller A, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Orbitalfrontal Connectivity and Impulsivity Characteristics in Collegiate Football Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(5 Suppl 1), 904.
    40. Bueler E, Epstein D, Hicks-Little C, Fuller A, DiMuzio J, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Aggression and Quality of Life in Collegiate Football Players at Pre-season and One-year Follow Up. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 48(5S Suppl 1), 843.
    41. McGlade E, Bakian A, Coon H, Yurgelun-Todd D, Callor, WB, Byrd J, Gray D (2016). Male Suspected Suicide Decedents in Utah: A Comparison of Veterans and Nonveterans. Compr Psychiatry, 69, 1-10.
    42. Graham J, Legarreta M, North L, DiMuzio J, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). A Preliminary Study of DSM-5 PTSD symptom Patterns in Veterans by Trauma Type. Mil Psychol, 28(2), 115-122.
    43. King J, Lopez-Larson M, Yurgelun-Todd D (2016). Mean cortical curvature reflects cytoarchitecture restructuring in mild traumatic brain injury. Neuroimage Clin, 11, 81-89.
    44. McGlade E, Rogowska J, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). Sex differences in orbitofrontal connectivity in male and female veterans with TBI. Brain Imaging Behav, 9(3), 535-549.
    45. Lopez-Larson MP, Rogowska J, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). Aberrant orbitofrontal connectivity in marijuana smoking adolescents. Dev Cogn Neurosci, 16, 54-62.
    46. Baskin-Sommers AR, Hooley JM, Dahlgren MK, Gonenc A, Yurgelun-Todd DA, Gruber SA (2015). Elevated Preattentive Affective Processing in Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Preliminary fMRI Study. Front Psychol, 6.
    47. McGlade E, Rogowska J, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). Sex differences in orbitofrontal connectivity in male and female veterans with TBI. Brain Imaging Behav, 9(3), 535-49.
    48. King JB, Yurgelun-Todd D, Stoeckel A, DiMuzio JM, Lopez-Larson MP (2015). Sex differences in white matter integrity in youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. Front Neurosci, 9, 232.
    49. Legarreta M, Graham J, North L, Bueler CE, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms associated with suicide behaviors in veterans. Psychol Trauma, 7(3), 277-85.
    50. Cuzen NL, Koopowitz SM, Ferrett HL, Stein DJ, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). Methamphetamine and cannabis abuse in adolescence: a quasi-experimental study on specific and long-term neurocognitive effects. BMJ Open, 5(1), e005833.
    51. Coon H, Darlington T, Pimentel R, Smith KR, Huff CD, Hu H, Jerominski L, Hansen J, Klein M, Callor WB, Byrd J, Bakian A, Crowell SE, McMahon WM, Rajamanickam V, Camp NJ, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D, Grey T, Gray D (2013). Genetic risk factors in two Utah pedigrees at high risk for suicide. Transl Psychiatry, 3(11), e325.
    52. Lopez-Larson M, King JB, McGlade E, Bueler E, Stoeckel A, Epstein DJ, Yurgelun-Todd D (2013). Enlarged thalamic volumes and increased fractional anisotropy in the thalamic radiations in veterans with suicide behaviors. Front Psychiatry, 4, 83.
    53. Lopez-Larson MP, King JB, Terry J, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd D (2012). Reduced insular volume in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res, 204(1), 32-9.
    54. Anderson JS, Dhatt HS, Ferguson MA, Lopez-Larson M, Schrock LE, House PA, Yurgelun-Todd D (2011). Functional connectivity targeting for deep brain stimulation in essential tremor. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 32(10), 1963-8.
    55. Lopez-Larson MP, Bogorodzki P, Rogowska J, McGlade E, King JB, Terry J, Yurgelun-Todd D (2011). Altered prefrontal and insular cortical thickness in adolescent marijuana users. Behav Brain Res, 220(1), 164-72.
    56. Anderson JS, Druzgal TJ, Lopez-Larson M, Jeong EK, Desai K, Yurgelun-Todd D (2010). Network anticorrelations, global regression, and phase-shifted soft tissue correction. Hum Brain Mapp, 32(6), 919-34.
    57. Lopez-Larson MP, Anderson JS, Ferguson MA, Yurgelun-Todd D (2011). Local brain connectivity and associations with gender and age. Dev Cogn Neurosci, 1(2), 187-97.
    58. Anderson JS, Ferguson MA, Lopez-Larson M, Yurgelun-Todd D (2011). Reproducibility of single-subject functional connectivity measurements. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 32(3), 548-55.
    59. Anderson JS, Ferguson MA, Lopez-Larson M, Yurgelun-Todd D (2011). Connectivity gradients between the default mode and attention control networks. Brain Connect, 1(2), 147-57.
    60. Anderson JS, Ferguson MA, Lopez-Larson M, Yurgelun-Todd D (2010). Topographic maps of multisensory attention. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107(46), 20110-4.
    61. Liu W, Zhu P, Anderson JS, Yurgelun-Todd D, Fletcher PT (2010). Spatial regularization of functional connectivity using high-dimensional Markov random fields. 13(Pt 2), 363-70.

    Review

    1. Yancey JR, Carson CN, McGlade EC, Yurgelun-Todd DA (2023). A Literature Review of Mental Health Symptom Outcomes in U.S. Veterans and Servicemembers Following Combat Exposure and Military Sexual Trauma. [Review]. Trauma Violence Abuse, 15248380231178764.
    2. Smith CJ, Renshaw P, Yurgelun-Todd D, Sheth C (2022). Acute and chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: A qualitative review. [Review]. Front Public Health, 10, 772335.
    3. Clark DB, Fisher CB, Bookheimer S, Brown SA, Evans JH, Hopfer C, Hudziak J, Montoya I, Murray M, Pfefferbaum A, Yurgelun-Todd D (2017). Biomedical ethics and clinical oversight in multisite observational neuroimaging studies with children and adolescents: The ABCD experience. [Review]. Dev Cogn Neurosci, 32, 143-154.
    4. Barch DM, Albaugh MD, Avenevoli S, Chang L, Clark DB, Glantz MD, Hudziak JJ, Jernigan TL, Tapert SF, Yurgelun-Todd D, Alia-Klein N, Potter AS, Paulus MP, Prouty D, Zucker RA, Sher KJ (2017). Demographic, physical and mental health assessments in the adolescent brain and cognitive development study: Rationale and description. [Review]. Dev Cogn Neurosci, 32, 55-66.
    5. Mackey S, Kan KJ, Chaarani B, Alia-Klein N, Batalla A, Brooks S, Cousijn J, Dagher A, de Ruiter M, Desrivieres S, Feldstein Ewing SW, Goldstein RZ, Goudriaan AE, Heitzeg MM, Hutchison K, Li CS, London ED, Lorenzetti V, Luijten M, Martin-Santos R, Morales AM, Paulus MP, Paus T, Pearlson G, Schluter R, Momenan R, Schmaal L, Schumann G, Sinha R, Sjoerds Z, Stein DJ, Stein EA, Solowij N, Tapert S, Uhlmann A, Veltman D, van Holst R, Walter H, Wright MJ, Yucel M, Yurgelun-Todd D, Hibar DP, Jahanshad N, Thompson PM, Glahn DC, Garavan H, Conrod P (2015). Genetic imaging consortium for addiction medicine: From neuroimaging to genes. [Review]. Prog Brain Res, 224, 203-23.
    6. Sachs J, McGlade E, Yurgelun-Todd D (2015). Safety and Toxicology of Cannabinoids. [Review]. Neurotherapeutics, 12(4), 735-46.

    Editorial

    1. Nierenberg AA, Margolis P, Strakowski S, Trivedi M, Yatham LN, Bipolar Disorder Learning Health Network (2023). A Bipolar Learning Health Network: An innovation whose time has come. Bipolar Disord, 25(3), 177-180.

    Abstract

    1. McGlade E, Bueler E, DiMuzio J, Sheth C, Legarreta M, Yurgelun-Todd D (2021). Sex differences in suicidal behaviors and aggression in US Veterans. [Abstract]. Psychiatry Res, 301, 113982.

    Patent

    1. Yurgelun-Todd, D, Renshaw, P (2019). Methods and compositions for improving cognitive performance 20100041621.
    2. Yurgelun-Todd, D, Renshaw, P (2019). Methods for improving frontal brain bioenergetic metabolism 20100041620.
    3. Yurgelun-Todd, D, Renshaw, P (2015). Administration of Citicoline to Improve Cognitive Performance, Attentional Performance, and Motor Function. U.S. Patent No. PCT/IB2015/053178. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
    4. Yurgelun-Todd, D, Renshaw, P (2015). Combination of Creatine, an Omega-3 Fatty Acid, and Citicoline. U.S. Patent No. PCT/US2015/014856. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
    5. Yurgelun-Todd, D, Renshaw, P (2003). Use of secretin in treatments of disorders associated with the amygdala. U.S. Patent No. PCT/US2004/015282. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.