Kalani L. Raphael
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Kalani L. Raphael, MD, MS

Languages spoken: English

Clinical Locations

Primary Location

University of Utah Hospital

Nephrology
50 N Medical Dr
Salt Lake City , UT 84132
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Dr. Raphael received his undergraduate degree in Biology from Gonzaga University and his medical degree from the University of Hawaiʻi John A. Burns School of Medicine. He completed Internal Medicine and Nephrology training at the University of Utah and has been on the Faculty since 2009. His research is in chronic kidney disease, metabolic acidosis, nutrition, and metabolic bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease. He also co-leads a research training program for undergraduate students interested in pursuing careers in health and science.

Dr. Raphael is a specialist in disorders of the kidney, electrolytes, and high blood pressure.

Specialties

Board Certification

American Board of Internal Medicine (Internal Medicine)
American Board of Internal Medicine (Sub: Nephrology)

Dr. Raphael received his undergraduate degree in Biology from Gonzaga University and his medical degree from the University of Hawaiʻi John A. Burns School of Medicine. He completed Internal Medicine and Nephrology training at the University of Utah and has been on the Faculty since 2009. His research is in chronic kidney disease, metabolic acidosis, nutrition, and metabolic bone disorders associated with chronic kidney disease. He also co-leads a research training program for undergraduate students interested in pursuing careers in health and science.

Dr. Raphael is a specialist in disorders of the kidney, electrolytes, and high blood pressure.

Board Certification and Academic Information

Academic Departments Internal Medicine -Professor
Academic Divisions Nephrology & Hypertension
Board Certification
American Board of Internal Medicine (Internal Medicine)
American Board of Internal Medicine (Sub: Nephrology)

Education history

Graduate Training Clinical Investigation - University of Utah M.Sci.
Fellowship Nephrology - University of Utah School of Medicine Clinical Fellow
Research Fellow Nephrology - University of Utah School of Medicine Research Fellow
Chief Resident Internal Medicine - University of Utah School of Medicine Chief Resident
Residency Internal Medicine - University of Utah School of Medicine Resident
Internship Internal Medicine - University of Utah School of Medicine Intern
Professional Medical Medicine - University of Hawai'i John A. Burns School of Medicine M.D.
Undergraduate Biology - Gonzaga University B.S.

Selected Publications

Journal Article

  1. Raj DS, Gao B, Sohn MB, Brydges C, Srivastava A, Rabb H, Cheung AK, Fiehn O, Kendrick C, Gassman JJ, Tariq A, Isakova T, Fried LF, Wolf M, Raphael KL, Middleton JP, Abdalla Y, Pilot Studies in CKD Consortium (2025). Prebiotic Administration to Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Modifies Their Fecal Microbiome and Host Metabolism. J Ren Nutr.
  2. Ward CP, Landry MJ, Cunanan KM, Raphael KL, Dant CC, Gardner CD, Pao AC (2024). Urinary Response to Consuming Plant-Based Meat Alternatives in Persons with Normal Kidney Function: The SWAP-MEAT Pilot Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 19(11), 1417-1425.
  3. Littlefield C, Lazaro-Guevara JM, Stucki D, Lansford M, Pezzolesi MH, Taylor EJ, Wolfgramm EC, Taloa J, Lao K, Dumaguit CDC, Ridge PG, Tavana JP, Holland WL, Raphael KL, Pezzolesi MG (2024). A Draft Pacific Ancestry Pangenome Reference. bioRxiv.
  4. Alexander L Bullen, Ronit Katz, Jesse Seegmiller, Pranav S Garimella, Simon B Ascher, Dena E Rifkin, Kalani L Raphael, Michael G Shlipak, Joachim H Ix (2024). Urine Ammonium Concentrations and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Participants with CKD. Kidney360, 5(8), 1077-1086.
  5. Kalani L Raphael (2024). Metabolic Acidosis in CKD: Pathogenesis, Adverse Effects, and Treatment Effects. Int J Mol Sci, 25(10), 5187.
  6. Trujillo J, Alotaibi M, Seif N, Cai X, Larive B, Gassman J, Raphael KL, Cheung AK, Raj DS, Fried LF, Sprague S, Block G, Chonchol M, Middleton JP, Wolf M, Ix JH, Prasad P, Isakova T, Srivastava A (2024). Associations of Kidney Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers with Markers of Inflammation in Individuals with Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney360.
  7. Raphael KL, Katz R, Larive B, Kendrick C, Isakova T, Sprague S, Wolf M, Raj DS, Fried LF, Gassman J, Hoofnagle A, Cheung AK, Ix JH (2023). Oral Sodium Bicarbonate and Bone Turnover in CKD: A Secondary Analysis of the BASE Pilot Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol, 35(1), 57-65.
  8. Sohn MB, Gao B, Kendrick C, Srivastava A, Isakova T, Gassman JJ, Fried LF, Wolf M, Cheung AK, Raphael KL, Vinales PC, Middleton JP, Pabalan A, Raj DS, Pilot Studies in CKD Consortium (2023). Targeting Gut Microbiome With Prebiotic in Patients With CKD: The TarGut-CKD Study. Kidney Int Rep, 9(3), 671-685.
  9. Azim A, Hu B, Gilligan S, Sarwal A, Hartsell S, Pandya V, Raphael KL (2023). How I Evaluate a High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 19(4), 525-527.
  10. Taparra K, Purdy M, Raphael KL (2023). From Ashes to Action - Indigenous Health Perspectives on the Lāhainā Fires. N Engl J Med, 389(17), 1543-1546.
  11. Pao AC, Shahzad SR, Song S, Ganesan C, Conti S, Leppert J, Cheung AK, Ix JH, Isakova T, Wolf M, Raj DS, Sprague SM, Fried LF, Gassman J, Fong P, Koike S, Raphael KL (2023). Response to Alkali Administration in Women and Men With and Without CKD. Kidney Med, 5(7), 100670.
  12. Melamed ML, Raphael KL (2023). Safety of Alkalinization in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 18(4), 433-434.
  13. Whitaker M, Aguirre MC, Gutierrez Chavez M, Beaulieu E, Arones YB, Gershenoff D, Hinton K, Klein N, Munezerou Uwizeye J, Napia E, Ramos C, Tavake-Pasi OF, Villalta J, Wolfsfeld C, Witte B, Maxfield E, Raphael K, Simmons DL, Clark L, Sher T, Smith TW, Baucom KJ (2023). Couple-based lifestyle intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes: protocol for a randomised pilot trial. BMJ Open, 13(2), e068623.
  14. Fong P, Wusirika R, Rueda J, Raphael KL, Rehman S, Stack M, de Mattos A, Gupta R, Michels K, Khoury FG, Kung V, Andeen NK (2022). Increased Rates of Supplement-Associated Oxalate Nephropathy During COVID-19 Pandemic. Kidney Int Rep, 7(12), 2608-2616.
  15. Uribarri J, Goldfarb DS, Raphael KL, Rein JL, Asplin JR (2022). Beyond the Urine Anion Gap: In Support of the Direct Measurement of Urinary Ammonium. Am J Kidney Dis, 80(5), 667-676.
  16. Bullen AL, Ascher SB, Scherzer R, Garimella PS, Katz R, Hallan SI, Cheung AK, Raphael KL, Estrella MM, Jotwani VK, Malhotra R, Seegmiller JC, Shlipak MG, Ix JH (2022). Markers of Kidney Tubular Secretion and Risk of Adverse Events in SPRINT Participants with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol, 33(10), 1915-1926.
  17. Ascher SB, Shlipak MG, Katz R, Bullen AL, Scherzer R, Hallan SI, Cheung AK, Raphael KL, Estrella MM, Jotwani VK, Seegmiller JC, Ix JH, Garimella PS (2022). Estimated Kidney Tubular Secretion and Kidney, Cardiovascular, and Mortality Outcomes in CKD: The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. Kidney Med, 4(12), 100546.
  18. Raphael KL (2022). Structural Racism in USRDS: A Native Hawaiian Perspective. Am J Kidney Dis, 80(3), 422.
  19. Ravikumar NPG, Pao AC, Raphael KL (2022). Acid-Mediated Kidney Injury Across the Spectrum of Metabolic Acidosis. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 29(4), 406-415.
  20. Kurella Tamura M, Gaussoin S, Pajewski NM, Zaharchuk G, Freedman BI, Rapp SR, Auchus AP, Haley WE, Oparil S, Kendrick J, Roumie CL, Beddhu S, Cheung AK, Williamson JD, Detre JA, Dolui S, Bryan RN, Nasrallah IM, SPRINT Research Group (2021). Kidney Disease, Hypertension Treatment, and Cerebral Perfusion and Structure. Am J Kidney Dis, 79(5), 677-687.e1.
  21. Azim A, Murray J, Beddhu S, Raphael KL (2022). Urinary Sulfate, Kidney Failure, and Death in CKD: The African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension. Kidney360, 3(7), 1183-1190.
  22. Gruzdys V, Cahoon K, Pearson L, Raphael KL (2022). Measurement of Urinary Ammonium Using a Commercially Available Plasma Ammonium Assay. Kidney360, 3(5), 926-932.
  23. Wang AA, Cai X, Srivastava A, Prasad PV, Sprague SM, Carr J, Wolf M, Ix JH, Block GA, Chonchol M, Raphael KL, Cheung AK, Raj DS, Gassman JJ, Rahsepar AA, Middleton JP, Fried LF, Sarnari R, Isakova T, Mehta R (2021). Abnormalities in Cardiac Structure and Function among Individuals with CKD: The COMBINE Trial. Kidney360, 3(2), 258-268.
  24. Kraut JA, Raphael KL (2021). Assessment of Acid-Base Status: Beyond Serum Bicarbonate. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 16(9), 1429-1431.
  25. Jamshidian MS, Larive B, Gassman J, Raphael KL, Chonchol MB, Ix JH, Ginsberg C (2021). Effect of Lanthanum Carbonate on Blood Pressure in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis, 78(2), 312-314.
  26. Malhotra R, Katz R, Jotwani V, Agarwal A, Cohen DL, Cushman WC, Ishani A, Killeen AA, Kitzman DW, Oparil S, Papademetriou V, Parikh CR, Raphael KL, Rocco MV, Tamariz LJ, Whelton PK, Wright JT Jr, Shlipak MG, Ix JH (2020). Estimated GFR Variability and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in SPRINT (Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial). Am J Kidney Dis, 78(1), 48-56.
  27. SPRINT Research Group, Lewis CE, Fine LJ, Beddhu S, Cheung AK, Cushman WC, Cutler JA, Evans GW, Johnson KC, Kitzman DW, Oparil S, Rahman M, Reboussin DM, Rocco MV, Sink KM, Snyder JK, Whelton PK, Williamson JD, Wright JT Jr, Ambrosius WT (2021). Final Report of a Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med, 384(20), 1921-1930.
  28. Al-Kindi SG, Brook RD, Bhatt U, Brauer M, Cushman WC, Hanson HA, Kostis J, Lash JP, Paine R 3rd, Raphael KL, Rapp S, Tamariz L, Wright JT Jr, Rajagopalan S, SPRINT Research Group (2021). The Benefits of Intensive Versus Standard Blood Pressure Treatment According to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution Exposure: A Post Hoc Analysis of SPRINT. Hypertension, 77(3), 813-822.
  29. Melamed ML, Raphael KL (2021). Metabolic Acidosis in CKD: A Review of Recent Findings. Kidney Med, 3(2), 267-277.
  30. Raphael KL, Kraut JA (2020). Assessing Acid-Base Status in Patients With CKD: Does Measurement of Blood pH Matter? Am J Kidney Dis, 77(1), 9-11.
  31. Aitaoto N, Raphael KL (2020). Haemodialysis in Samoa: A model for other Pacific nations. Lancet Reg Health West Pac, 6, 100071.
  32. Xiang J, Morgenstern H, Li Y, Steffick D, Bragg-Gresham J, Panapasa S, Raphael KL, Robinson BM, Herman WH, Saran R (2020). Incidence of ESKD Among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders Living in the 50 US States and Pacific Island Territories. Am J Kidney Dis, 76(3), 340-349.e1.
  33. Dobre M, Pajewski NM, Beddhu S, Chonchol M, Hostetter TH, Li P, Rahman M, Servilla K, Weiner DE, Wright JT, Raphael KL, SPRINT Research Group (2019). Serum bicarbonate and cardiovascular events in hypertensive adults: results from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 35(8), 1377-1384.
  34. Srivastava A, Cai X, Lee J, Li W, Larive B, Kendrick C, Gassman JJ, Middleton JP, Carr J, Raphael KL, Cheung AK, Raj DS, Chonchol MB, Fried LF, Block GA, Sprague SM, Wolf M, Ix JH, Prasad PV, Isakova T (2020). Kidney Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Change in eGFR in Individuals with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 15(6), 776-783.
  35. Ginsberg C, Katz R, Chonchol MB, Bullen AL, Raphael KL, Zhang WR, Ambrosius WT, Bates JT, Neyra JA, Killeen AA, Punzi H, Shlipak MG, Ix JH (2020). The Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Markers of Mineral Metabolism in Persons with CKD in SPRINT. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 15(6), 852-854.
  36. Gardner J, Tuttle K, Raphael KL (2020). Influence of Medications Containing Acid Salts on Serum Bicarbonate in CKD. Kidney360, 1(5), 330-336.
  37. Malhotra R, Katz R, Jotwani V, Ambrosius WT, Raphael KL, Haley W, Rastogi A, Cheung AK, Freedman BI, Punzi H, Rocco MV, Ix JH, Shlipak MG (2020). Urine Markers of Kidney Tubule Cell Injury and Kidney Function Decline in SPRINT Trial Participants with CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 15(3), 349-358.
  38. Raphael KL, Greene T, Wei G, Bullshoe T, Tuttle K, Cheung AK, Beddhu S (2020). Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation and Urinary TGF-β1 in Nonacidotic Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 15(2), 200-208.
  39. Raphael KL, Isakova T, Ix JH, Raj DS, Wolf M, Fried LF, Gassman JJ, Kendrick C, Larive B, Flessner MF, Mendley SR, Hostetter TH, Block GA, Li P, Middleton JP, Sprague SM, Wesson DE, Cheung AK (2019). A Randomized Trial Comparing the Safety, Adherence, and Pharmacodynamics Profiles of Two Doses of Sodium Bicarbonate in CKD: the BASE Pilot Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol, 31(1), 161-174.
  40. Webster L, Larive B, Gassman J, Bullen A, Weisbord SD, Palevsky PM, Fried LF, Raphael K, Isakova T, Ix JH (2020). A Simple Equation to Estimate Urinary Flow Rate Using Urine Creatinine. Am J Nephrol, 51(5), 395-400.
  41. Di Iorio BR, Bellasi A, Raphael KL, Santoro D, Aucella F, Garofano L, Ceccarelli M, Di Lullo L, Capolongo G, Di Iorio M, Guastaferro P, Capasso G, UBI Study Group (2019). Treatment of metabolic acidosis with sodium bicarbonate delays progression of chronic kidney disease: the UBI Study. J Nephrol, 32(6), 989-1001.
  42. Naai D, Raphael KL (2019). CKD in Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders: Trouble in Paradise. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 14(11), 1661-1663.
  43. Lee AK, Katz R, Jotwani V, Garimella PS, Ambrosius WT, Cheung AK, Gren LH, Neyra JA, Punzi H, Raphael KL, Shlipak MG, Ix JH (2019). Distinct Dimensions of Kidney Health and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Heart Failure, and Mortality. Hypertension, 74(4), HYPERTENSIONAHA11913339.
  44. Kraut JA, Raphael KL (2019). Drug removal of gastric acid: a novel treatment of metabolic acidosis. Lancet, 394(10196), 363-364.
  45. Raphael KL (2019). Metabolic Acidosis in CKD: Core Curriculum 2019. Am J Kidney Dis, 74(2), 263-275.
  46. Ix JH, Isakova T, Larive B, Raphael KL, Raj DS, Cheung AK, Sprague SM, Fried LF, Gassman JJ, Middleton JP, Flessner MF, Block GA, Wolf M (2019). Effects of Nicotinamide and Lanthanum Carbonate on Serum Phosphate and Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 in CKD: The COMBINE Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol, 30(6), 1096-1108.
  47. Raphael KL (2019). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet in chronic kidney disease: should we embrace it? Kidney Int, 95(6), 1296-1298.
  48. Lehman CM, Pearson L, Salmond J, Raphael K, Schmidt RL (2018). A Reflex Protocol for Creatinine Testing Reduces Costs and Maintains Patient Safety. Lab Med, 50(2), 202-207.
  49. Frodsham SG, Yu Z, Lyons AM, Agarwal A, Pezzolesi MH, Dong L, Srinivas TR, Ying J, Greene T, Raphael KL, Smith KR, Pezzolesi MG (2018). The Familiality of Rapid Renal Decline in Diabetes. Diabetes, 68(2), 420-429.
  50. Jotwani VK, Lee AK, Estrella MM, Katz R, Garimella PS, Malhotra R, Rifkin DE, Ambrosius W, Freedman BI, Cheung AK, Raphael KL, Drawz P, Neyra JA, Oparil S, Punzi H, Shlipak MG, Ix JH, fortheSPRINTResearchGroup (2019). Urinary Biomarkers of Tubular Damage Are Associated with Mortality but Not Cardiovascular Risk among Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Participants with Chronic Kidney Disease. Am J Nephrol, 49(5), 346-355.
  51. Ginsberg C, Craven TE, Chonchol MB, Cheung AK, Sarnak MJ, Ambrosius WT, Killeen AA, Raphael KL, Bhatt UY, Chen J, Chertow GM, Freedman BI, Oparil S, Papademetriou V, Wall BM, Wright CB, Ix JH, Shlipak MG, SPRINT Research Group (2018). PTH, FGF23, and Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering in Chronic Kidney Disease Participants in SPRINT. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(12), 1816-1824.
  52. Chen W, Newman AB, Fried LF, Rifkin DE, Shlipak MG, Sarnak MJ, Katz R, Madero M, Raphael KL, Bushinsky DA, Ix JH (2017). Relationship of acid-base status with arterial stiffness in community-living elders: the Health ABC Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 33(9), 1572-1579.
  53. Prasad PV, Li W, Raj DS, Carr J, Carr M, Thacker J, Li LP, Wang C, Sprague SM, Ix JH, Chonchol M, Block G, Cheung AK, Raphael K, Gassman J, Wolf M, Fried LF, Isakova T, CKD Optimal Management with BInders and NicotinamidE COMBINE study group (2018). Multicenter Study Evaluating Intrarenal Oxygenation and Fibrosis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Individuals With Advanced CKD. Kidney Int Rep, 3(6), 1467-1472.
  54. Raphael KL, Yee J (2018). It Is Really Time for Ammonium Measurement. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 25(4), 297-300.
  55. Raphael KL, Ix JH (2018). Correlation of Urine Ammonium and Urine Osmolal Gap in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(4), 638-640.
  56. Dobre M, Gaussoin SA, Bates JT, Chonchol MB, Cohen DL, Hostetter TH, Raphael KL, Taylor AA, Lerner AJ, Wright JT Jr, Rahman M, SPRINT Research Group (2018). Serum Bicarbonate Concentration and Cognitive Function in Hypertensive Adults. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(4), 596-603.
  57. Raphael KL (2017). Metabolic Acidosis and Subclinical Metabolic Acidosis in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol, 29(2), 376-382.
  58. Raphael KL, Gilligan S, Hostetter TH, Greene T, Beddhu S (2018). Association between urine ammonium and urine TGF-B1 in CKD. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(2), 223-230.
  59. Raphael KL, Gilligan S, Ix JH (2017). Urine anion gap to predict urine ammonium and related outcomes in kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 13(2), 205-212.
  60. Raphael KL, Carroll D, Murray J, Greene T, Beddhu S (2017). Urine ammonium predicts clinical outcomes in hypertensive kidney disease. J Am Soc Nephrol, 28(8), 2483-2490.
  61. Gilligan S, Raphael KL (2017). Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia in CKD: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis, 24(5), 315-318.
  62. Raphael KL, Shihab FS (2017). Acidosis and Kidney Allograft Survival. J Am Soc Nephrol, 28(6), 1672-1674.
  63. Beddhu S, Chen X, Wei G, Raj D, Raphael KL, Boucher R, Chonchol MB, Murtaugh MA, Greene T (2017). Associations of Protein-Energy Wasting Syndrome Criteria With Body Composition and Mortality in the General and Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease Populations in the United States. Kidney Int Rep, 2(3), 390-399.
  64. Lloyd IE, Gallan A, Huston HK, Raphael KL, Miller DV, Revelo MP, Khalighi MA (2016). C3 glomerulopathy in adults: a distinct patient subset showing frequent association with monoclonal gammopathy and poor renal outcomes. Clin Kidney J, 9(6), 794-99.
  65. Raphael KL, Murphy RA, Shlipak MG, Satterfield S, Huston HK, Sebastian A, Sellmeyer DE, Patel KV, Newman AB, Sarnak MJ, Ix JH, Fried LF (2015). Bicarbonate, acid-base status, and mortality in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol.
  66. SPRINT Research Group (2015). A Randomized Trial of Intensive versus Standard Blood-Pressure Control. N Engl J Med.
  67. Schmidt RL, Straseski JA, Raphael KL, Adams AH, Lehman CM (2015). A risk assessment of the Jaffe vs enzymatic method for creatinine measurement in an outpatient population. PLoS One.
  68. Raphael KL, Beddhu S (2015). Hypertension and Polypharmacy in Elderly Nursing Home Residents: When Less is More. Am J Kidney Dis, 66(4), 561-3.
  69. Louie JM, Raphael KL, Barker B (2015). Levetiracetam Use With Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy. Ann Pharmacother, 49(9), 1079-80.
  70. Isakova T, Ix JH, Sprague SM, Raphael KL, Fried L, Gassman JJ, Raj D, Cheung AK, Kusek JW, Flessner MF, Wolf M, Block GA (05/12/2015). Rationale and Approaches to Phosphate and Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Reduction in CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol.
  71. Huston HK, Abramowitz MK, Zhang Y, Greene T, Raphael KL (03/01/2015). Net endogenous acid production and mortality in NHANES III. Nephrology (Carlton), 20(3), 209-215.
  72. Raphael KL (2015). Approach to the treatment of chronic metabolic acidosis in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis, 67(4), 696-702.
  73. Raphael KL, Zhang Y, Ying J, Greene T (October 2014). Prevalence of and risk factors for reduced serum bicarbonate in chronic kidney disease. Nephrology (Carlton), 19(10), 648-54.
  74. Raphael KL, Zhang Y, Wei G, Greene T, Cheung AK, Beddhu S (2013). Serum bicarbonate and mortality in adults in NHANES III. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 28(5), 1207-13.
  75. Filipowicz R, Greene T, Wei G, Cheung AK, Raphael KL, Baird BC, Beddhu S (2013). Associations of serum skeletal alkaline phosphatase with elevated C-reactive protein and mortality. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol, 8(1), 26-32.
  76. Krishnamurthy VM, Wei G, Baird BC, Murtaugh M, Chonchol MB, Raphael KL, Greene T, Beddhu S (2012). High dietary fiber intake is associated with decreased inflammation and all-cause mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 81(3), 300-6.
  77. Raphael KL, Wei G, Greene T, Baird BC, Beddhu S (2012). Cognitive function and the risk of death in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol, 35(1), 49-57.
  78. Roos KP, Strait KA, Raphael KL, Blount MA, Kohan DE (2012). Collecting duct-specific knockout of adenylyl cyclase type VI causes a urinary concentration defect in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 302(1), F78-84.
  79. Raphael KL, Cheung AK (2011). Implications of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network-Daily Trial. Semin Dial, 24(6), 621-8.
  80. Krishnamurthy VR, Baird BC, Wei G, Greene T, Raphael K, Beddhu S (2011). Associations of serum alkaline phosphatase with metabolic syndrome and mortality. Am J Med, 124(6), 566.e1-7.
  81. Raphael KL, Wei G, Baird BC, Greene T, Beddhu S (2011). Higher serum bicarbonate levels within the normal range are associated with better survival and renal outcomes in African Americans. Kidney Int, 79(3), 356-62.
  82. Damera S, Raphael KL, Baird BC, Cheung AK, Greene T, Beddhu S (2011). Serum alkaline phosphatase levels associate with elevated serum C-reactive protein in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int, 79(2), 228-33.
  83. Raphael KL, Strait KA, Stricklett PK, Miller RL, Nelson RD, Piontek KB, Germino GG, Kohan DE (2009). Inactivation of Pkd1 in principal cells causes a more severe cystic kidney disease than in intercalated cells. Kidney Int, 75(6), 626-33.
  84. Raphael KL, Strait KA, Stricklett PK, Baird BC, Piontek K, Germino GG, Kohan DE (2009). Effect of pioglitazone on survival and renal function in a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol, 30(5), 468-73.
  85. Rondina MT, Raphael K, Pendleton R, Sande MA (2006). Abdominal aortitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae and Enterobacter aerogenes: a case report and review. J Gen Intern Med, 21(7), C1-3.
  86. Raphael K, Tokeshi J (2002). Hyponatremia associated with sertraline and fluoxetine: a case report. Hawaii Med J, 61(3), 46-7.

Review

  1. Tungsanga S, Okpechi IG, Bianchi MEV, Chaturvedi S, Collister D, Crowshoe H, Rodriguez de Sosa GM, Galadanci HA, Hedin E, Ibrahim KS, Jain AK, Noronha IL, Erickson RL, Hughes JT, Komenda P, Kulvichit W, Pecoits-Filho R, Raphael KL, Shah VO, Tafunai M, Tait C, Turner C, Walker C, Walker R, Woods C, Levin A, Bello AK (2025). Global landscape of kidney health across Indigenous populations. [Review]. Nat Rev Nephrol, 22(2), 99-121.
  2. Raphael KL (2024). Metabolic Acidosis in CKD: Pathogenesis, Adverse Effects, and Treatment Effects. [Review]. Int J Mol Sci, 25(10).

Book Chapter

  1. Donald Everett Wesson, Nimrit Goraya and Kalani Raphael (2021). Alkalization to Retard Progression of Chronic Kidney Failure. In Joel D. Kopple, Shaul G Massry, Kamyar Kalantar-Zadeh, Denis Fouque (Eds.), Nutritional Management of Renal Disease (4th Edition). Academic Press.

Letter

  1. Raj DS, Gao B, Sohn MB, Brydges C, Srivastava A, Rabb H, Cheung AK, Fiehn O, Kendrick C, Gassman JJ, Tariq A, Isakova T, Fried LF, Wolf M, Raphael KL, Middleton JP, Abdalla Y, Pilot Studies in CKD Consortium (2026). Response to the "Letter to the Editor: ''Prebiotic Administration to CKD Patients Modifies Their Microbiome and Metabolism''.". [Letter to the editor]. J Ren Nutr.
  2. Bullen AL, Katz R, Seegmiller J, Garimella PS, Ascher SB, Rifkin DE, Raphael KL, Shlipak MG, Ix JH (2024). Urine Ammonium Concentrations and Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Participants with CKD. [Letter to the editor]. Kidney360, 5(8), 1077-1086.

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