Outbreaks of foodborne illness frequently occur in the United States. Listeria is one of these illnesses that are associated with contaminated food. It can cause serious complications, sickness, and even death. In fact, Listeria is the third leading cause of death from food poisoning in the U.S.
The most recent Listeria outbreak impacting deli meat has hospitalized dozens of people and killed at least two. Those who have been sickened report the meat that made them sick was sliced at deli counters.
What is Listeria?
Listeriosis is an infection caused by Listeria bacteria commonly found in soil, water, and sometimes animals. When food items get contaminated, it is usually because they are not prepared or stored properly.
What are the symptoms?
People infected by Listeria usually experience flu-like symptoms, such as:
- Fever
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
What food items are most risky?
Food that is most prone to being contaminated by Listeria are:
- Deli meat, cold cuts, and hot dogs
- Unpasteurized dairy, soft cheese, and milk products
- Seafood, raw or smoked
- Fruits and vegetables
"In the case of produce, all of it should be thoroughly washed before being eaten or used in cooking," says Sankar Swaminathan, MD, chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at University of Utah Health. "Listeria bacteria are cold tolerant, so even if food is being stored in the fridge the bacteria can continue to grow."
Am I at risk?
While listeriosis is a serious health risk to anyone who comes in contact with it, people who are pregnant, 65 years and older, or have weakened immune systems are most at risk. It is especially dangerous for pregnant women, who are 10 times more likely to get Listeria infection. Hispanic pregnant women are 24 times more likely than other people to get sick, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Pregnancy makes women more susceptible to Listeria bacteria due to a suppressed immune system. A Listeria infection can cause complications in pregnancy such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, and even death in a newborn.
Proper storage and cooking of foods is key.
"This is why pregnant women are advised not to eat soft cheese or other unpasteurized items,” Swaminathan says. “If there is a chance Listeria bacteria are present, it is not a risk worth taking. Make sure all meats are cooked to the proper temperature so that any bacteria are killed."
How can I prevent infection?
- Know what foods are at risk of contamination.
- Know how to properly prepare and cook your food. Use the clean, separate, cook, and chill guidelines.
What should I do if I get sick from Listeria?
If you suspect you may have contracted listeriosis, see your doctor immediately. Listeria can be identified through a blood culture. People who are sick with Listeria infection can be treated with antibiotics.