Types of Multiple Sclerosis
There are four types of multiple sclerosis:
- Clinically Isolated Syndrome (CIS)—Providers usually call the first episode of MS symptoms clinically isolated syndrome MS. Not everyone with CIS develops multiple sclerosis.
- Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS)—People with relapsing-remitting MS experience symptom flare-ups followed by quiet remission periods when symptoms stabilize or go away. RRMS is the most common type of MS.
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS)—PPMS means a person has symptoms that worsen over time without any remission period (a temporary decrease or disappearance of symptoms).
- Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS)—People with RRMS sometimes develop SPMS. Instead of having symptoms that come and go, their symptoms worsen without any periods of remission.
How to Test for Multiple Sclerosis
Many symptoms of MS are the same as those of other conditions. If you are concerned that you may have MS, make an appointment with your primary care provider. They will discuss your concerns and do a physical exam. They may refer you to a neurologist at the Imaging and Neurosciences Center at University of Utah Heath for an evaluation.
Neurologists at the center specialize in managing and treating MS symptoms. During your appointment, they will take steps to understand your condition:
- Review your personal and family medical history
- Conduct a neurologic exam
- Conduct a physical exam
- Order tests, if appropriate
Tests can help the neurologist diagnose or rule out MS:
- Blood tests
- Nerve function tests
- Imaging tests, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to look for areas of damage in the brain that suggest MS
- Spinal tap to look for signs of MS in your brain and spinal cord fluid
Find an MS Specialist
Multiple Sclerosis Treatment
There is no cure for MS, but you can take steps to manage living with MS. There are certain steps you can do to change the disease course, treat flare-ups, manage symptoms, and improve the way you move and function in daily life.
If you have MS, your neurologist will develop a personalized treatment plan based on your age, symptoms, overall health, and other factors. Your treatment plan may include several therapies:
- Equipment, such as braces, canes, or walkers
- Medicines
- Mental health counseling to help you cope with the emotional challenges of MS
- Rehabilitation therapy
Many people with MS also use mind and body practices (such as yoga or tai chi), dietary supplements, or other complementary health approaches to help ease their symptoms. Ask your neurologist for more information if you are interested.
Multiple Sclerosis Rehabilitation Therapy
Many people find that rehabilitation therapy helps them manage symptoms and enjoy life more. Rehabilitation can help you achieve several goals:
- Improve your independence
- Manage bowel and bladder problems
- Regain motor and thinking skills
- Set up an exercise plan to build muscle strength and endurance
- Speak more easily
- Walk with aids, such as braces, canes, and walkers
Multiple Sclerosis Diet
No special diet is scientifically proven to help your MS. However, research shows that a healthy diet can support your overall health and well-being. The National MS Society recommends a few specific dietary habits:
- Avoid or limit processed foods and added sugars
- Choose whole grains instead of food made with refined grains (such as white flour and white rice)
- Incorporate colorful fresh fruits and vegetables every day
- Prepare meals at home as much as possible
Why Choose U of U Health?
Many U of U Health specialists have dedicated their careers to caring for adults and children with multiple sclerosis at the Imaging and Neurosciences Center, Clinical Neurosciences Center, and Primary Children's Hospital. Our team of MS specialists stays informed about the latest treatment standards and other care guidelines. Many of our providers are involved in research and clinical trials related to MS care. They understand the challenges of an MS diagnosis and are here to help and support you every step of the way.
Make an Appointment With an MS Specialist
Call 801-805-7575 or request an appointment online to make an appointment with a U of U Health neurologist. You will need a referral from your primary care provider or another clinician who cares for you to see our neurologists. Your provider can use our online referral form or call us at 801-585-7575.
